- S. A. Rasmussen et al, On the biosynthetic origin of carminic acid; Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol 96, 2018, pp51-61
- Boonarga Cactoblastis Memorial Hall, online resource, Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland, Australia
- H. Kunkely, A. Vogler, Absorption and luminescence spectra of cochineal, Inorganic Chemistry Communications, Volume 14, Issue 7, 2011, pp1153-1155
- Cockerell, T. D. A. “Notes on the Cochineal Insect.” The American Naturalist, vol. 27, no. 324, 1893, pp1041–1049
- L. M. Dutton, Cochineal: A bright red animal dye, MSc thesis, Baylor University, Texas
- R. Dapson (2007) The history, chemistry and modes of action of carmine and
related dyes, Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 82:4-5, 173-187 - “Cochineal.” Scientific American, vol. 11, no. 18, 1856, pp144–144
- Crop Ecology, Cultivation and Uses of Cactus Pear, FAO/ICARDA 2017
- G. Sandberg, The Red Dyes, Lark Books, USA, 1999
- F. Brinker (2009) Prickly Pear as Food and Medicine, Journal of Dietary Supplements, 6:4, 362-376
- Red Gold: Raising cochineal in Oaxaca, Proceedings of Textile Society of America Symposium, University of Nebraska 2010
- S. Raghu, C. Walton, Understanding the Ghost of Cactoblastis Past: Historical Clarifications on a Poster Child of Classical Biological Control, BioScience, Vol57, Iss. 8, Sep 2007, pp699–705
See full list of Individual Species References.
Please also refer to the General Bibliography and Online Resources.