- Riddle, John M., and J. Worth Estes. “Oral Contraceptives in Ancient and Medieval Times.” American Scientist 80, no. 3 (1992): 226-33
- Medicinal Plants of the World, vol 3, Ed. Ivan A. Ross, Humana Press
- Johnston, Patricia A. “Love and Laserpicium in Catullus 7.” Classical Philology, vol. 88, no. 4, 1993, pp. 328–329
- M. Kiehn, Silphion “…multis iam annis in ea terra non invenitur“, European Botanic Gardens in a Changing World: Insights into Eurogard VI.
- Howes, F. N. “Age-Old Resins of the Mediterranean Region and Their Uses.” Economic Botany, vol. 4, no. 4, 1950, pp. 307–316
- E. Shavit, Lebanese Viagra – Ferula, Pleurotus and Geopolitics, Fungi, Summer 2009
- H. N. and A.L. Moldenke, The Mysterious Silphium, Repr. Garden Journal 140-142. 1951
- Henry Koerper, and A. L. Kolls. “The Silphium Motif Adorning Ancient Libyan Coinage: Marketing a Medicinal Plant.” Economic Botany, vol. 53, no. 2, 1999, pp. 133–143
- Parejko, K. (2003). Pliny the Elder’s Silphium: First Recorded Species Extinction. Conservation Biology, 17(3), 925-927
See full list of Individual Species References.
Please also refer to the General Bibliography and Online Resources.